• Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitors caused

  2021-10-02

  

  Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitors caused in part by glutamate contributes to the pathogenesis of myelination disturbances in PVL [5]. In the immature human brain, the susceptibility of developing oligodendrocytes to hypoxia-ischemia correlates with their expression of glutamate receptors of the

• GIPR genes were not found in any

  2021-10-02

  

  GIPR genes were not found in any of the available bird genome as well as the genomes of several species of fish (Tables S3 and S4). The genomic neighborhoods surrounding the GIPR genes in species that have them was generally conserved (see Fig. 8), and like GLP2R, those fish that did have a Gipr gen

• In the gastrointestinal GI tract CART expression has been de

  2021-10-02

  

  In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CART expression has been described in the enteric nervous system in rats (Ekblad et al., 2003), pigs (Wierup et al., 2007), sheep (Arciszewski et al., 2009), guinea pigs (Ellis and Mawe, 2003) and humans (Kasacka et al., 2012). Less is known about CART expression i

• The chemical structure of BAs consists of a steroid

  2021-10-01

  

  The chemical structure of BAs consists of a steroid nucleus with an acidic side chain. They are amphipatic molecules characterized by a hydrophilic α-face and a hydrophobic β-face. The hydrophobic pocket of the FXR LBD interacts with BAs largely through the β-face. The α-face contains several hydrox

• The ability to metastasize is the defining character of

  2021-10-01

  

  The ability to metastasize is the defining character of a cancer and the leading cause for resultant mortality. It is hypothesized that a rare subset of cancer cells, often operationally referred to as “cancer stem cells” (CSCs), are responsible for sustaining cancer metastasis and recurrence [1]. T

• br Conflict of interest br Funding This work was

  2021-10-01

  

  Conflict of interest Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health MSK Cancer Center Support Grant/Core Grant [P30 CA008748]. The funding source had no involvement in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report;

• In addition to the importance of

  2021-10-01

  

  In addition to the importance of heme as an enzymatic cofactor, heme also acts as an important iron source. In order to access the iron within heme, S. aureus encodes heme degrading enzymes known as heme oxygenases (Skaar et al., 2004b; Wu et al., 2005). The two heme oxygenases encoded by S. aureus,

• Sugar gliders and hedgehogs are insectivores

  2021-10-01

  

  Sugar gliders and hedgehogs are insectivores and actively seek arthropods in nightly forays. It is suspected that Triatoma were not feeding on the sugar gliders and hedgehogs, but rather were being eaten. The oral route of infection is often nonfatal and induces a carrier state in South American did

• The diversity of biological properties and

  2021-10-01

  

  The NVP-BKM120 of biological properties and interactions of GSK-3 have been reviewed recently (, , , , ). The interactions of GSK-3 in the signaling pathways induced by nutraceuticals is covered in the review by ) in this special issue of . GSK-3 is a frequent target of many nutraceuticals such as

• Third we performed correlation analysis between the results

  2021-10-01

  

  Third, we performed correlation analysis between the results obtained using DMR agonist assay in HT-29 and Tango assay in the engineered U2OS cells. First, we compared their relative efficacy, the maximal responses after normalized to the maximal responses of zaprinast obtained using both DMR and Ta

• Previously we have shown that the natural flavonoid compound

  2021-10-01

  

  Previously, we have shown that the natural flavonoid compounds that possess C-4 ketone group and C-5 hydroxy group, such as baicalein, luteolin, myricetin and quercetin, effectively inhibit human GLO I. Considering our interest in inhibitors of GLO I and based on the rationale mentioned above, struc

• ATP is essential for maintaining

  2021-10-01

  

  ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f

• The RAS RAF MEK ERK pathway also known as the

  2021-09-30

  

  The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (also known as the MAPK/ERK pathway) is one of the most important signaling pathways in PDAC. Activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway promotes PDAC growth and apoptosis resistance in response to gemcitabine [43,44]. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of GPX4 can overco

• Chemotherapeutic approaches to glioblastoma which are highly

  2021-09-30

  

  Chemotherapeutic approaches to glioblastoma, which are highly invasive, are still largely unsuccessful and have only a minimal impact on patients’ survival rate . New agents that target the specific molecular aberrations in the tumors are presently being investigated for their efficacy against this

• In summary although there are still several important questi

  2021-09-30

  

  In summary, although there are still several important questions open on the mechanisms that trigger FAK nuclear localization and FAK-dependent gene regulation, Cardoso et al. (2016) provide important new insights on FAK/MEF2-mediated initiation of cardiac hypertrophy. Acknowledgments The author

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